In general, it is impossible to heat water above the boiling point of water when the ship is unrolling. When the temperature reaches 100 ° C, the water is no longer warming. This is due to the large amount of evaporation produced during the boiling process. The evaporation process itself requires all the heat to prevent the water from rising. If the water boils long enough, it will turn into steam.
However, when water is heated in a sealed container (such as a pressure autoclave), it is possible to increase its boiling point. When the temperature reaches 90 ° C, a large amount of evaporation. Water vapor, essentially a gas, creates too much pressure inside the container. When the vapor pressure in the container reaches the value corresponding to the temperature, the evaporation stops. After evaporation stops, not all the water turns into steam. The higher the temperature, the greater the pressure of the steam. The heat produced under pressure is called latent heat, with stronger penetration, and can be passed through bacteria or even dormant, heat-resistant forms - spores. This works well on solid objects; However, when a hollow object is automatically emitted, (hypodermic syringes, tools, etc.), ensure that all trapped air is vacuous in the hollow compartment. Otherwise, it will become an insulating material for the internal bacteria.
Simple autoclaves use a single pulse pre-vacuum, while modern autoclave has a subdivided pre-vacuum that pulls the air out in several stages to achieve 100% steam penetration into the sterilization process.
It is widely used in medicine, dentistry, metallurgy and other fields.
